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Cairn Terrier

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Cairn Terrier Breed Information

Get to know the Cairn Terrier breed, including its characteristics, temperament, care needs, and history.

At a glance

Height

Females: 9.5 – 10 inches; Males: 10 – 12 inches.

Weight

Females: 13 – 14 lbs.; Males:14 – 16 lbs.

Colors

Cairns are any color except for white. They can be cream, wheaten, red, gray or nearly black. Brindling is acceptable in all colors. Never solid black, solid white, or black and tan. Typically there are dark points on the ears, tip of tail and muzzle.

Coat

Hard, rough, straight, short – medium length. Longer outer coat, with an abundant soft undercoat. Weather resistant. The hair is softer on the head. Their fur is profuse, and always has the shaggy look, even if trimmed.

Activity

Indoors – Medium. Outdoors – High. Cairns are very inquisitive and will seek out vermin.

Living Environment

House with a yard or an apartment. Country or city environment, the Cairn Terrier will thrive in any environment as long as they receive attention and exercise. The best owner for this breed would be a family.

Life Span

12 – 15 years

Country of Origin

Great Britain

Personality & family life

Temperament

Cairn Terriers are bold, alert, intelligent, and independent. They can be self-willed and stubborn, but they love attention and will do what they can to get it. They are willing to please, excited and plucky pets. They are friendly and hard workers. They have a tendency to dig a lot, and if they are not trained, one will find holes in their backyard, especially around fences. They have a lot of energy and pizzazz. They are usually fine with children and other pets, although males should be monitored at the first meeting. Males can be aggressive with other dogs. They also have quite a bark for such a little dog.

With Children

Yes. They enjoy children’s playful activity. The first meeting of these two, however, should be supervised to ensure there is no aggression.

With Pets

Yes, but males of this breed may tend to fight with other males of the same breed. Supervision and/or training for the first few introductions is necessary.

Special Skills

Vermin destroyer and family pet.

Watch-dog

High. These little watchdogs will alert their owner to anything coming near with a bark.

Guard-dog

Low. They are mostly friendly dogs.

Care & training

Care and Training

Never scissors trim the Cairn Terriers coat, except for the shaping of their feet. Weekly brushing or rubbing with a damp towel is needed. Minimal bathing. Pay special attention to their teeth and nails. Their coat can require some tidying up before a show, but minimal care is required due to their shaggy look overpowering any haircut. Cairn Terriers exercise should consist of free roaming in a fenced yard or daily walks. As an earth dog and digger, a Cairn Terrier will leave holes in your backyard and should be trained not to. Training should also be taken to secure unwanted barking.

Special Needs

Grooming, some exercise and training.

Learning Rate

Very High. Obedience – Medium. Cairns are intelligent and willing to please, but can be stubborn and independent. Problem Solving – High.

Health & lifespan

Health Issues

Glaucoma, liver shunt, luxating patellas, and hereditary eye diseases. Other health concerns include: skin allergies, globoid cell leukodystrophy, and Legg-Perthes.

History & recognition

History

Originating in the Western Highlands of Scotland from as far back as the 1500s, the Cairn Terrier was used for getting vermin out of cairns. “Cairn” was the Scottish word for a pile of stones or rocks used on graves. The Cairns would go into the little holes and catch vermin, or force the vermin out, usually being foxes, otters, rats, and even badgers. Cairns also originated on the Isle of Skye, in which the Skye Terrier came about. Cairns were born of Skye Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, and Scottish Terriers, all of which were grouped into the category of “Scotch Terriers” until 1873. In the past Cairns they were bred with Westies, but in 1920 this practice was banned to preserve the West Highland White Terrier breed. In 1909 the Cairn was cut from the Scotch Terrier group into a subgroup, called the Short-haired Skye Terrier. Soon Skye fanciers were up in arms about it because the dog was obviously not the same as a Skye Terrier, and the Cairn was named its current name in 1912. Cairn Terriers were introduced in the world of dog shows in the early 1900s. Today the breed is better known in Northern England and Scotland, but the Cairn remains a popular breed elsewhere as well. They are best known for the role of “Toto” in The Wizard of Oz .

First Registered by the AKC

1913

AKC Group

Terrier

Class

Terrier

Breed details

. Litter Size

3 – 5 puppies.

AKC, CKC, FCI (Group 3), KC (GB)

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